Oracle的表压缩

1、官方文档说法：

Oracle支持在表空间（tablespace）、数据表（table）和分区（Partition）级别的压缩，如果设置为表空间级别，那么默认将该表空间中的全部的表都进行压缩。
压缩操作可以在数据单条插入、数据修改和数据批量导入时发生。

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As your database grows in size,consider using table compression. Compression saves disk space,reduces memory use in the database buffer cache,and can significantly speed query execution during reads. Compression has a cost in CPU overhead for data loading and DML. However,this cost might be offset by reduced I/O requirements

随着数据库不断增长，可以考虑使用表压缩。压缩可以节省磁盘空间，减少数据库buffer cache内存使用，并且可以加速查询。
压缩对于数据装载和DML操作有一定的CPU消耗。然而，这些消耗可以为I/O的减少而抵消。

Table compression is completely transparent to applications. It is useful in decision support systems (DSS),online transaction processing (OLTP) systems,and archival systems.

表压缩对于应用程序完全透明。对于DSS系统、在线事务处理和归档系统都很有用处。

You can specify compression for a tablespace,a table,or a partition. If specified at the tablespace level,then all tables created in that tablespace are compressed by default.

你可以为表空间，表或者一个分区指定压缩。如果指定为表空间基本，那么该表空间所有表创建后默认都启用压缩。

Compression can occur while data is being inserted,updated,or bulk loaded into a table. Operations that permit compression include:
压缩可以再数据插入，更新或者批量装载入表中时发生。压缩表允许以下操作：
Single-row or array inserts and updates 单行或多行插入和更新

The following direct-path INSERT methods: 直接路径插入方法：

Direct path SQL*Loader
1）CREATE TABLE AS SELECT statements
2）Parallel INSERT statements
3）INSERT statements with an APPEND or APPEND_VALUES hint

截止目前，Oracle数据库共有4种表压缩技术：
1）Basic compression
2）OLTP compression
3）Warehouse compression (Hybrid Columnar Compression)
4）Archive compression (Hybrid Columnar Compression)

这里我主要介绍基本压缩：

2、基本压缩特点：
1）使用基本压缩，只有当数据是直接路径插入或更新记录（direct-path insert and updated ）时才会发生压缩。
并且支持有线的数据类型和SQL操作。

3、如何启用基本压缩？
1）通过create table语句中指定compress条件。
2）通过alter table .. compress; 来给现有表启用压缩；
3）通过alter table .. nocompress; 来禁用表压缩

4、关于基本压缩的一些例子
4.1 创建压缩表

CREATE TABLE emp_comp compress
AS
SELECT * FROM emp
WHERE 1=2;
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4.2 通过数据字典查看压缩表状态

[email?protected]> SELECT table_name,compression,compress_for
2 FROM user_tables
3 WHERE table_name=‘EMP_COMP‘;

TABLE_NAME COMPRESS COMPRESS_FOR
------------------------------ -------- ------------
EMP_COMP ENABLED BASIC
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4.3 通过非直接路径插入数据

[email?protected]> INSERT INTO emp_comp
2 SELECT * FROM emp;

已创建16行。

[email?protected]> commit;

--查看表占用
[email?protected]> exec show_space(‘EMP_COMP‘,‘SCOTT‘);
Unformatted Blocks .................... 0
FS1 Blocks (0-25) .................... 0
FS2 Blocks (25-50) .................... 0
FS3 Blocks (50-75) .................... 0
FS4 Blocks (75-100) .................... 5
Full Blocks .................... 0
Total Blocks ........................... 8
Total Bytes ........................... 65,536
Total MBytes ........................... 0
Unused Blocks........................... 0
Unused Bytes ........................... 0
Last Used Ext FileId.................... 4
Last Used Ext BlockId................... 14,304
Last Used Block......................... 8

--看下emp的占用
[email?protected]> exec show_space(‘EMP‘,536
Total MBytes ........................... 0
Unused Blocks........................... 0
Unused Bytes ........................... 0
Last Used Ext FileId.................... 4
Last Used Ext BlockId................... 144
Last Used Block......................... 8

--对比与原EMP表的占用情况，emp_comp表并未压缩。
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注：关于show_space过程的用法，请参考【http://blog.csdn.net/indexman/article/details/47207987】

4.4 通过直接路径插入数据

drop table emp_comp purge;

CREATE TABLE emp_comp compress
AS
SELECT * FROM emp
WHERE 1=2;

insert /*+ append */ into emp_comp
select *
from emp;

--查看表占用
[email?protected]> exec show_space(‘EMP_COMP‘,‘SCOTT‘);
Unformatted Blocks .................... 0
FS1 Blocks (0-25) .................... 0
FS2 Blocks (25-50) .................... 0
FS3 Blocks (50-75) .................... 0
FS4 Blocks (75-100) .................... 0
Full Blocks .................... 1
Total Blocks ........................... 8
Total Bytes ........................... 65,536
Total MBytes ........................... 0
Unused Blocks........................... 4
Unused Bytes ........................... 32,768
Last Used Ext FileId.................... 4
Last Used Ext BlockId................... 14,304
Last Used Block......................... 4

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